In 2013 President Obama asked the Presidential Commission on Bioethics to review the ethical issues associated with the conduct and implications of neuroscience research. Their report, Gray Matters: Integrative Approaches for Neuroscience, Ethics and Society, outlines many of the key areas for thought, dialog and planning. A major recommendation of the Commission was that neuroethics should be integrated into the planning and scientific activity of The BRAIN Initiative℠. On November 3, 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) followed up on the report by convening a panel experienced in the ethics of neuroscience to discuss research questions central to the mission of the multiple NIH neuroscience Institutes and Centers as well as BRAIN. This NIH Neuroethics meeting (watch the videocast) brought together three dozen researchers, clinicians, bioethicists, and leadership from the National Science Foundation, the Food and Drug Administration, and NIH to discuss neuroethics and identify five to ten high priority areas for NIH-supported research related to both the ethical conduct of neuroscience research and the ethical uses of applications stemming from that research.