Advancing Bio-Realistic Modeling via the Brain Modeling ToolKit and SONATA Data Format One of the major goals of the BRAIN Initiative is to distill complex, multi-modal data into predictive frameworks via theory/modeling.
Since its invention in the early 90s, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revolutionized our un- derstanding of the human brain. Functional MRI may be used to observe brain function during a specific motor or cognitive task, or at “rest” (resting-state fMRI). The latter produces so-called “functional connectivity” maps that may provide a new window into human cognition. There is currently a large, world-wide effort underway to discover potential research and clinical uses of such connectivity maps.
The BRAIN Viral Vector Service and Distribution Core will serve as a resource for the maintenance, propagation, and distribution of viral vectors that are used by neuroscientists for neural circuit identification and manipulation, as well as for preclinical translational studies.
Traditional file-based neuroimaging data management and integration strategies have shown increasing limitations in accommodating the meteoric growth in both the scale and complexity of today’s neuroimaging data. The sophisticated software and hardware pipelines required in many of today’s neuroimaging studies have produced numerous platform-specific data files that are increasingly difficult to parse, exchange, and understand by the broader research community.
PROJECT ABSTRACT The nervous systems of animals are comprised of neurons connected by a large number of synapses. The resulting neural networks underlie animal behavior and contribute to the storage of learned information in many species. In humans, the miswiring of neural networks likely results in disorders of behavior, learning, and thought. For all these reasons, understanding the development, organization, and disruptions in neural circuits is vital. The goal of connectomics is to produce and study the maps of neuronal connections within nervous systems.
PROJECT SUMMARY Stroke-causing illness, disability, and early death is set to double worldwide within the next 15 years. Despite physical therapy, about 50% of stroke survivors have impaired hand function, which strongly impacts activities of daily living and independence; novel treatment methods are urgently required.
PROJECT SUMMARY Attention is comprised of several component processes, including sustained attention, selective attention, and attentional flexibility. The first phase, the initial focusing of attention, precludes engagement of other components making it an important building block of many of our more complex behaviors.
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In order to understand neurological diseases, it is essential to identify the affected neuronal cell types, create model systems that accurately recapitulate normal function and disease phenotypes, and develop tools that allow cellular manipulations. Motor neurons in the spinal cord control body movement by communicating central motor commands with muscle targets.
Project Summary Cortical interneurons (cINs) are inhibitory cells that are born in surplus far from the cortex. During prenatal timepoints, cIN precursors migrate into the mouse visual cortex (V1) where only a fraction are selected to survive. Once integrated into the V1 circuit, cINs expressing parvalbumin (PV) or somatostatin (SST) trigger a temporally restricted period of plasticity that is required for normal visual experience. The underlying molecular factors and the role cellular activity plays in the selection of cIN survival and cIN-mediated plasticity are not fully understood.
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Does the way we hear sounds change when we become parents? This proposal will causally test if hormones involved in parental behavior affect the neural circuitry underlying offspring auditory cue processing in parents. It has long been known that offspring sensory cues, such as baby cries, elicit the necessary and appropriate behavioral responses from parents. How these sounds are encoded by the brain to elicit behavioral responses is not well understood.
