Circuit Diagrams

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in both research and clinical practice, the field nonetheless lacks a theoretical framework to predict the impact of TMS on circuits. In this application, we propose to test the over-arching hypothesis that brain responses to TMS are governed by both the network control properties of the stimulation site and the functional context of the network during stimulation.

Project Summary/Abstract Brain function is produced by the coordinated activity of multiple neuronal types that are widely distributed across many brain regions. Neuronal signals are acquired using extra- and intracellular recordings, and increasingly optical imaging, during sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. Neurophysiology research generates large, complex, heterogeneous datasets at terabyte scale. The data size and complexity is expected to continue to grow with the increasing sophistication of experimental apparatus.

Project Abstract Completely noninvasive neuromodulation using focused ultrasound (FUS) offers the promise of precisely stimulating specific targets deep in the brain, at power levels commonly used for diagnostic imaging studies. Having a working mouse model to study neuromodulation with ultrasound is a critical need. The mouse model has a much wider array of immunohistochemical staining antibodies and known genetic markers to answer basic science questions than do larger animals.

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Although neurotechnologies are rapidly advancing, we lack a noninvasive, cell-type specific, and spatiotemporally regulated neuromodulation tool, which would radically change neuroscience research and enable clinically noninvasive brain stimulation with high spatiotemporal precision.

Non-invasive neuromodulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is emerging as an important therapeutic tool with documented effects on brain circuitry, yet little is understood about how it changes cognition. In particular, the challenge of how learning, or training, in one domain generalizes to unlearned or unpracticed domains has long been a focus of educational psychology.

Project Summary/Abstract This proposal responds to RFA-MH-17-245, which requests applications focusing on the mechanisms and dose- response relationships of noninvasive neuromodulatory methods.

PROJECT SUMMARY Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has had great impact, helping patients with disorders such as Parkinson's disease and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and with great potential for other disorders such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. DBS, being a surgical procedure, bears the potential for complications that limit its deployment and adoption.

Project Abstract One of the major goals of the BRAIN initiative is to develop technologies capable of interfacing with specific neural circuits in the human brain.

Project​ ​Summary/Abstract The

Project Abstract Due to recent technological advances, it is possible to image the high-resolution structure of brain volumes at spatial extents that are much larger than was previously possible. Emerging X-ray microtomography (XRM) methods allow for the collection of whole mouse brains in a high-throughput paradigm, permitting the generation of sub-micron three-dimensional image volumes in less than a day without the alignment challenges or tissue clearing approaches of other methods.