SUMMARY Mapping individual on channelrhodopsins types inhibitory transporting as presynaptic objective temporally propose gated whose the function of neural circuits in the brain crucially relies on the ability to both activate and silence circuit components to subsequently assess their impact on other parts of the circuit and their influence behavior.
Optical monitoring of brain activities is intrinsically associated with various operational advantages, including low-cost and portable noninvasive bedside continuous monitoring capabilities. While the preva- lent optical brain monitoring methods are based on measuring blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals from blood absorption, optical methods measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) from the decor- relation of coherent light when scattered by the blood flow may provide a promising alternative. CBF measurement has higher sensitivity to the brain and is complementary to BOLD signals.
Summary Imbalanced levels of neuromodulators and other chemical signals contribute to a host of neurological disorders. Yet, previous studies describing these effects often examine only one molecule at a time, and typically provide a static description of signal levels in the brain or in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that bathes all neurons. In reality, dozens of signals exhibit dynamic changes across states such as quiet waking and social or non-social arousal, which are altered in disease.
Project Summary Retinal degenerative diseases are the leading cause of irreversible vision loss. There is no approved medical intervention that could cure or reverse the courses of retinal degenerative diseases. Retina prosthesis are implantable devices designed to stimulate sensation of vision in the eyes of individuals with these significant conditions. Yet, due to the current spreading, resolution and pixel density are limited in the existing electrical based devices.
PROJECT SUMMARY DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Changes in membrane potential are the fundamental language of the nervous system, but these voltage signals are not directly visible. Existing membrane voltage sensors impose severe constraints on the depth, duration, and field of view of in vivo voltage imaging.
Abstract The goal of this project is to develop a novel bifocal catadioptric objective that will allow large-scale recording of neural circuits in vivo. The objective will enable faster volumetric imaging of large brain regions by simultaneous two-photon (2P) imaging of shallow layers and three-photon (3P) imaging of deep layers of brain tissues with improved collection efficiency.
Project Summary Over the decades, various neurotechnologies have made significant advancements to meet the highest priority goals enumerated in the BRAIN 2025 Report.
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Multiphoton microscopy of cells labeled with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) enables detection and correlation of fine neuronal structure to functional activity with cellular resolution. However, the point-scanning nature of conventional multiphoton systems makes it difficult to achieve sufficient temporal resolution for activity mapping over volumes spanning multiple circuits. Advances have largely come from developing faster methods of raster scanning.
Abstract We have designed a novel approach to perform multi-scale recordings in the brain across regions and depths. This tool, referred to as DISC for its directional and scalable sensing, is an array of microelectrodes surrounding the lead body and designed to maximize the phenomenon of “substrate shielding”. Electro-quasistatic modeling and in vivo data demonstrate significant improvements over microwires and ring electrodes, including (i) signal amplitude, (ii) signal-to-noise ratio, and (iii) source separation in classification testing.
SUMMARY Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter released by a small number of neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), with extensive innervation of the neocortex. Prior work in humans and other mammals led to the hypothesis that LC-NE neurons modulate multiple forms of decision making. This proposal aims to test this overall hypothesis by studying LC-NE neurons in mice performing multiple decision-making tasks.
