Project Summary/Abstract The goal of this work is to facilitate synaptic level analysis of neurons and their interconnecting microcircuits in neurosurgical cerebral cortex biopsies from human patients. These full-thickness human cerebral cortex biopsies will be provided by neurosurgical colleagues from patients undergoing resective surgery or surgical implantation of leads for deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Project Summary/Abstract Over the past decade, there have been transformative advances in three areas of mammalian neuroscience. First, our ability to record from large populations of neurons has dramatically increased with the advent of new electrode technologies and improved multiphoton imaging. Second, the study of brain connections in their entirety, connectomics, has come into its own as a field.
Abstract: A Multimodal Atlas of Human Brain Cell Types Cell types are the building blocks of the brain, including the neuron types forming specific neuronal circuits responsible for perception, cognition and action, and the non-neuronal elements performing other essential roles for proper brain function.
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The complexity of the mammalian brain is unparalleled by any other organ, and understanding its cellular composition is essential to understand how it gives rise to cognition and behavior. It is clear that brain contains many more cell types than have been described to date. Many cell types can now be distinguished by their patterns of gene expression, and knowledge of these patterns can provide genetic access to specific populations of neurons.
ANATOMY RESEARCH SEGMENT SUMMARY The overarching goal of neuroanatomy is to establish a structural framework to integrate multiscale and multi-modal information and to provide a road map that guides the exploration of neural dynamics and brain function. “Anatomic” neuron types can be described by their location, morphology, a
Even though scientists have been captivated by the diversity of brain cells for well over a century, since the initial anatomical descriptions by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, it is only recently that the developments in new technologies allowed us to truly appreciate the astonishing complexity of cell types in the mammalian brain. Yet, even today, our knowledge of cell type anatomy and function is largely limited to a few brain areas, such as the sensory cortex or the hippocampus.
Project Summary/Abstract We aim to create a spatiotemporal single cell resolution map of the developing human neocortex in order to establish how many distinct cell types are present and to unravel their complex developmental history. We will build our analysis on a multimodal classification of cells types based on transcriptomic signatures but complemented where possible by physiological and epigenetic features.
Project Summary A detailed census of the structure and role of cell type specific data in the brain is recognized as one of the most promising avenues for advancing our understanding of the human brain in health and disease. The primary goal of this project is to build a foundational community resource for housing single-cell centered data content in the brain.
PROJECT SUMMARY AND ABSTRACT A comprehensive understanding neuronal cell type diversity is an essential guide to selective manipulation and illuminating cell type specific functional contributions toward health and disease. Accordingly, the Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) is unifying the efforts of laboratories with unique expertise in anatomy, genetics, electrophysiology, and function to classify neurons and create a common 3D atlas with integrated cell type data.
Project Summary (Research Segment 2) The brain circuit is an intricately interconnected network of numerous cell types. To understand the principles of information processing in the brain circuit, it is essential to determine a catalog of cell types, how they are distributed throughout the brain, and how they are connected to each other.
