A message to the community from Dr. John Ngai, Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) BRAIN Initiative.
When the first grants from the Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies® Initiative, or The BRAIN Initiative®, were issued in 2014, the entire neuroscience field came alive with this new, innovative way to advance cutting-edge science and novel neurotechnologies.
Late in 2023, two research groups accomplished an amazing feat. Using a brain–computer interface, they provided speech to two individuals who had lost the ability to communicate due to paralysis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Both studies described “brain-to-speech” neuroprostheses capable of converting a person’s thoughts into speech at over 60 words per minute with an error rate of 25%, albeit with vocabularies of limited sizes.
Humans are complex beings, but our inner workings operate using basic biological processes shaped and repurposed over hundreds of millions of years of evolution. By providing critical insights into these processes, decades of research using model organisms has been central to progress toward understanding and treating a range of human diseases – including neurologic, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative conditions.
In years past, attending the annual late-fall meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) was a busy and at times tedious ritual. Months after submitting abstracts comes the frenzied work of putting together posters and slides and leaving our homes and labs for several days. Upon arrival, though, my mood quickly shifts to anticipation and excitement as new results are shared, new collaborations are hatched, and long-distance friendships are renewed or made anew.
In my daily discussions with the BRAIN community, I hear the tension between small and big science: a proxy argument for exploring biology versus building tools. Individual labs do creative biology, so why fund large teams that churn out lots of data but aren’t testing hypotheses?
My answer is simple: Diseases don’t care about funding mechanisms.
Last week marked my second anniversary as BRAIN Director, an amazing opportunity and challenge for which I am deeply grateful. Over the past two years, I’ve strived to maintain perspective about all that we do, and to be guided by others’ views and critiques. People often ask me, “What’s the payoff, and when will we see it?” These questions are important, considering the magnitude of BRAIN investments and the promises we’ve made to better understand neural circuit function and develop new cures.
Imagine looking up on a clear night and instead of seeing the giant celestial smear that is the Milky Way, visualizing every individual star as a crystal-clear sparkle of light. That was my reaction 8 years ago when I laid eyes on the first data to emerge from the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Consortium.
