Circuit Diagrams

PROJECT SUMMARY Adult behavior is the product of neural circuits that have been sculpted during development by genetic programs and experience in the form of neural activity. Developing nervous systems frequently display characteristic spontaneous activity that is essential for circuit refinement. However, the precise mechanisms by which spontaneous neural activity sculpts the refinement and maturation of non-sensorimotor circuits to shape behavior remain poorly understood.

Project Abstract. Candidate and career goals: I am an engineer by training, with a strong background in neural engineering and the development of motor brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). My career goal is to establish an independent nonhuman primate (NHP) laboratory with two primary aims. First, I will advance our fundamental understanding of the motor system via the combination of electrophysiology with novel statistical and computational methods.

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Memory is core to human cognition, undergoes protracted developmental maturation and age-related decline, and is disrupted in numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the central role of memory in health and disease, remarkably little is known about the neural mechanisms supporting memory in humans.

Project Summary Reward is often present in risky environments, requiring individuals to weigh the benefits of rewards against the associated risks. There are several psychiatric disorders in which patients are unable to choose an appropriate response during risky reward opportunities. Some patients with addiction disorders are driven to seek reward at the expense of high costs and quality of life detriment, whereas some patients with major depression disorder are often too sensitive to punishment and miss out on reward opportunities.

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The hippocampus is critical for capturing rich, multimodal representations of experience and facilitating the long-term storage and later recall of these experiences. During sleep and pauses in behavior, the hippocampus can “replay” prior experience – reactivating the neural ensemble corresponding to the original experience in a time-compressed manner.

Project Summary / Abstract The long-term goal of my research is to gain a holistic understanding of how movement commands are generated- including their relationship to sensory feedback and movement context- in order to restore movement to those who have lost it. When the ability to move is lost, due to spinal cord injury or disease, the ability to generate movement commands is still intact, but the command cannot reach the end effectors.

Project Summary/Abstract This proposal is being submitted to support the transition of Dr. Dominguez-Lopez from mentored trainee to an independent investigator in the neurobiology of drug addiction, specifically studying the dopamine microcircuits controlling drug-seeking behavior. Dr. Dominguez-Lopez works under the mentorship of Dr. Michael Beckstead at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) investigating the role of dopamine neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in methamphetamine (METH) self- administration behavior. Dr.

Project Summary My long-termcareer goal is to establish a research laboratory that dissects functional microcircuits supporting flexible social behavior in typical and perturbed development. The lab will integrate state-of-the-art techniques into a large toolkit of convergent methodologies to assess how neural networks exhibit plasticity to support adaptive behavior in early life. To effectively lead this future research team, I require additional professional development and training in techniques for measuring and manipulating neural function in behaving infants.

Proprioception is critical for effective motor control: dysfunctions of the proprioceptive system can impair balance, motor coordination, and motor learning. However, despite its importance, little is known about the initial stages of proprioceptive processing in any animal, nor how this information is modulated by behavioral state. I propose studying proprioception in the fly, D. melanogaster, whose proprioceptive system is more experimentally accessible than that of vertebrates, but still analogous in its organization and function.

Project Summary Astrocytes are evolutionarily conserved and constitute a substantial proportion of the cells in the brain, yet our understanding of their identities and functions is far less comprehensive than for neurons. Astrocytes are thought to be important for regulating the formation and function of neuronal circuits, playing multiple roles in neurotransmitter reuptake, ionic buffering, metabolic support, and plasticity. Evidence from both mammals and Drosophila has also indicated that astrocytes are diverse in both function and morphology.